Objectives of Study:
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Conduct evidence-based research on the efficacy of delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy under the core syndrome system of "kidney deficiency and blood stasis" (kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, kidney deficiency and blood stasis with internal heat syndrome, kidney deficiency and blood stasis with dampness syndrome) in the "symptom differentiation and treatment plan," optimizing the prevention and treatment strategies.
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Exclusion criteria:
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1: Patients with primary glomerular disease, occult nephritis, autoimmune diseases and connective tissue diseases, hematological diseases, tumors, drug-induced renal damage, and bilateral renal artery stenosis who have been clearly diagnosed;
2: 24-hour urine protein quantification>3.5g/24h
3: Patients with acute complications of diabetes such as diabetes ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma within 6 months;
4: Patients with severe primary diseases such as respiratory, digestive, and hematological disorders, as well as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 40%). Patients currently experiencing severe infections, trauma, major surgeries, acute coronary syndrome, acute heart failure, uncontrolled malignant arrhythmias, and other emergency stress states;
5: Pregnant, breastfeeding, and those with fertility plans;
6: Patients with active hepatitis and impaired liver function (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase are more than twice the normal upper limit);
7: Type 1 diabetes and special type diabetes;
8: Poor blood pressure control: systolic blood pressure ≥ 160mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 100mmHg, or hypotension: systolic blood pressure<90mnHg and/or diastolic blood pressure<60mmHg;
9: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 9%, fasting blood glucose>8mmol/L;
10: The serum potassium concentration exceeds the upper limit of normal values in the laboratory of the research unit;
11: Patients with unstable basic treatment for lowering blood sugar and blood lipids within the past 3 months (changing medication types, such as replacing beta blockers with calcium ion blockers);
12: Started taking within the past 2 weeks: a. Other drugs for DKD (fenelione, GLP-1 drugs, etc.), b. calcium dobesilate for diabetes retinopathy, c. traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations, Chinese herbal decoction, formula granule and other Chinese herbal preparations with the same ingredients or functions, d. Tripterygium wilfordii related preparations, Huangkui capsules, Keluoxin capsules, etc;
13: Patients who have been using anticoagulants with stable dosages for less than one month.
14: When clinical researchers believe that participants in clinical studies cannot cooperate with observation.
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